Information: A country.

Roman, then contended for by Hungary and Byzantium.

Center of mediaeval Bogomil heresy.

Fell to Ottomans in 15th century.

Austrian protectorate in 1878, annexation in 1908, Given to Yugoslavia in 1918.

Rural vs. urban (rather than the less substantial Muslim v. Slav division: Muslim Bosnians are Slavs, and Catholics, Orthodox, and Muslims all live in both urban and rural settings. Rural Muslims have their own music (though they appreciate urban sevdalinke.)

Rural singing: "Mountain Weird Stuff" that Minja teaches, with non-tempered intervals. Actually, na bas style (cadence on a major fifth instead of major second) is increasingly tempered. Accompanied by a violin and a saz / sharkija / sargia in a narrow range, singing in parallel fourths or fifths, with a similar double-stopped playing on the fiddle. Sometimes two violins, sometimes two woman singers and a man sargija player. Said to be a Bosanska Posavina (Sava River valley in northern Bosnia) tradition that spread into the mountains and is practiced by the three major Bosnian ethnic groups: Muslim, Serbian, and Croatian<, with regional rather than ethnic styles.

Urban singing: sevdalinke (songs of sevdah, unrequited love) and similar styles (poravne pjesme – classic broad songs in a ponderously slow 3/4), sung by Muslims, Serbians, Croatians, and Sephardic Jews, founded on Turkish singing with Austrian, Serbian, Croatian and other overlays. Only the saz (with roughly diatonic to roughly chromatic fretting) survived into the 20th cty, accompanied now by violin and accordion-led ensembles, occasionally using tamburitza instruments. Doesn't have the parallel fourths or fifths. Sevdalinke singers: Nada Mamula/Mamoula (husband was Yugoslav Navy ranking officer), Safet Isović, Himzo Polovina (died of cancer), Zaim Imamović, Rade Mladenović, Zehra Deović, Beba Selimović, and Hamid Ragipović-Besko. Older sevdalinke singers (accompanied by saz) are Emina Ahmedhodzić-Zecaj and Avdo Vrabac. After WWII, RTB (Beograd) narodni orchestra director Carevac promoted Bosnian urban music and singers throughout Serbia. Jugoton (Zagreb) recorded the principle Bosnian singers and distributed across Yugoslavi. Many Bosnians worked in Croatia for the standard of living and employment, Bosnian music appeared in Croatian public places.

National Dance: Glamoć

Other name: Bosnia-Hercegovina

Location: Balkans

Regions: Bosnia, originally included the land between the Sava, Drina, and Una rivers.

Language: Bosnian

Religions: Predominantly Muslim